Testosterone boosters are misunderstood supplements that people either put too much stock in or dismiss entirely. The real truth lies somewhere in the middle — as it usually does. For adults that are serious about making muscle gains and maximizing their gains, or are trying to keep the edge they had when they were a bit younger, natural testosterone boosters may be able to help.
Testosterone in the body plays an important role in developing skeletal muscle, and is directly linked to increased muscle size, strength, and power. (1)(2) It’s even important for improving aerobic fitness. (3) That’s why it’s critical to maintain adequate levels of testosterone in the body, especially if you’re training to get bigger, stronger, or more powerful. In this list, we’ve sifted through the best testosterone supplements for muscle growth, adults over 50, and more, and compiled our top picks to help you in your search for the ideal testosterone support for you.
Best Testosterone Supplements
- Best Testosterone Supplement Overall: Transparent Labs Vitality
- Best Research-Backed Testosterone Supplement: Xwerks Rise
- Best Testosterone Booster for Men Over 50: Legion Vitality Complex
- Best Testosterone Booster for Muscle Growth: Testofuel Testosterone Booster
- Best Testosterone Supplement for Workouts: Testogen
- Best Testosterone Supplement for the Money: Momentous Tongkat Ali
Editor’s note: The content on BarBend is meant to be informative in nature, but it should not be taken as medical advice. The opinions and articles on this site are not intended for use as diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of health problems. It’s always a good idea to talk to your doctor before beginning a new fitness, nutritional, and/or supplement routine.
How We Chose the Best Testosterone Supplements
The supplement market is a big pond, and there aren’t a lot of testosterone supplements worth reeling in. When deciding which to recommend, the focus remains on ingredients, dosing, and quality control. Keep reading for a more in-depth look at these three qualifiers.
Ingredients
A supplement is only as good as its ingredients, and not all ingredients are made the same — even the same type of ingredient. Some ingredients are better or more potent than others and we take into consideration the chemical form of each ingredient used. If there’s a patented version available that has been rigorously tested and a company uses a different kind for some reason, that product may not rank as highly.
For example, the patented version of ashwagandha root extract, KSM-66, is a much more effective ingredient than the non-patented version due to the extraction process which retains the full-spectrum constituents of the original herb. (31)
These patented ingredients are usually heavily researched and have been tested for safety and potency, making them superior to non-patented ingredients. The downside is that they are generally more expensive due to the cost of testing and patenting an ingredient.
- D-Aspartic Acid: D-aspartic acid is an amino acid (like BCAAs) that is involved in the regulation and release of testosterone from the pituitary gland. (32) Ingestion of d-aspartic acid is directly associated with the amount and health of sperm in men. In one study, serum testosterone levels rose by 42 percent in men taking 3.12 grams of d-aspartic acid per day. (33) Many supplements aimed at male health support contain this ingredient, especially those that are directed toward male sexual health. (34)
- Vitamins D3 and K2: In supplements, you’ll often see vitamins D and K together and usually in the forms of D3 (cholecalciferol) and K2 (menaquinone). These two vitamins work together — vitamin K2 enhances the absorption of D3 and improves the effectiveness of the ingredient. (6)(7) Vitamin D3 is included in testosterone support supplements because it plays a role in increasing testosterone levels. (6)
- Ashwagandha Root Extract: Another very common ingredient in testosterone boosters is ashwagandha. This ingredient has a host of benefits that make it a staple in both pure testosterone boosters and full-spectrum male health supplements. Ashwagandha is popularly used for stress management and can potentially reduce levels of cortisol (a stress hormone) in the body. Cortisol, which is produced when someone is stressed or anxious, can suppress the body’s natural levels of testosterone. (35) Ashwagandha also seems to be associated with increases in muscle mass, strength, and testosterone in the body when coupled with a strength training program. (36)
Proprietary Blends
Another factor to consider with ingredients is the inclusion of proprietary blends. Proprietary blends do disclose the ingredients that are included in descending order from most to least but fail to disclose the exact amount of each — only the total amount of the blend, leaving consumers to guess how much of each ingredient is included.
Dosing
It’s one thing to include an ingredient, it’s another to include it in a clinical dose — the amount that has been researched. This is where proprietary blends rear their ugly head again, clouding the amount of each ingredient included leading to guesswork based on the order the ingredients are listed in.
Third-Party Testing
When purchasing a supplement that you’re putting into your body, you want to know that the product is of the highest quality. It’s important to place a high value on companies that make their supplements in FDA-registered facilities and are current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) certified. A cGMP certification is given and enforced by the FDA to ensure proper design, monitoring, and control of manufacturing processes in facilities that produce drugs or supplements.
We also prioritized products that are third-party tested. This factor helps ensure that the ingredients on the label accurately reflect what you’re consuming.
Best Testosterone Supplement Overall: Transparent Labs Vitality
Each two-capsule serving provides 600 milligrams of organic ashwagandha alongside 15 milligrams of zinc. It is free of artificial sweeteners, colorings, gluten, and GMOs.
Specs
- Key Ingredients: Zinc, organic ashwagandha extract, shailajit extract, quercetin dihydrate
- Serving Size: Two capsules
- Price: $54.99 or $1.83 per serving
Pros
- The Ashwagandha in this product has been associated with improved testosterone levels.
- There are no artificial sweeteners or colors in this product.
- This product is third-party lab tested.
Cons
- You do have to take two capsules twice daily, which can be tedious.
- At $1.83 per serving, this is a pretty pricey option.
Sometimes you can stall in your progress, even if you’re hitting the gym hard and often. It may be time to add in a testosterone supplement like this one from Transparent Labs to help you blast through that plateau.
Transparent Labs Vitality is formulated with ingredients that are designed to work together to help increase testosterone levels and help you crush workouts. Highlights of this product are 15mg of zinc, which studies have shown may lead to an increase in testosterone, and 600mg of organic ashwagandha, which not only may boost testosterone, but may also mitigate stress-induced cortisol, a hormone that can hinder muscle repair. (19)(20)
“I’d score this a 4.25 out of 5 for its formulation,” according to Chelsea Rae Bourgeois, RDN. “The research is there — Vitality uses clinical doses of proven ingredients.” Bourgeois also loved that the formula is third-party tested to be Informed Sport Certified, helping ensure the accuracy of the label.
We do wish the serving size were a little more convenient, though, so we had to give this product a 3 out of 5 in that category. You need to take two capsules once or twice a day, which can be a little tedious if you decide to take the two-dose option.
Where the overall value is concerned, Transparent Labs Vitality earned a 4 out of 5. We think the formula hits all the right marks with ingredients and transparency. The $1.83 per serving cost is a little pricey, though, and may not fall within every athlete’s budget.
[Related: The Best Natural Ways to Increase Your Testosterone]
Best Research-Backed Testosterone Supplement: Xwerks Rise
This testosterone-boosting supplement uses all-natural ingredients like tongkat ali, shilajit extract, and boron to help improve mood, energy, performance, and sleep.
Specs
- Key Ingredients: Zinc, tongkat ali powder, shilajit extract, boron
- Serving Size: Two capsules
- Price: $49 or $1.63 per serving
Pros
- Xwerks provides plenty of research behind all the main ingredients in this product.
- There are no fillers or dyes in this product.
- One serving is only $1.63 per serving, which is cheaper than some others on this list.
Cons
- This product isn’t third-party tested.
- Xwerks Rise contains bioperine for absorption but there isn’t much research behind this claim.
The best testosterone supplement has to have ingredients that are backed by research in doses that are clinically relevant. It’s also important to note what a supplement’s ingredients list doesn’t contain — fillers, ingredients with no clinical backing, and underdosed ingredients. If you’re looking for a testosterone supplement that checks all these boxes, look no further Xwerks Rise, which earned a 4.5 out of 5 for formulation.
Xwerks Rise is formulated with all-natural ingredients, like 400mg of tongkat ali (also known as Malaysian ginseng), which studies suggest may support higher testosterone levels. (4) The ingredients list also includes 250mg of shilajit extract. If you’ve never heard of shilajit, it’s a substance found in the Himalayas that’s formed over centuries from the slow decomposition of plants. Some research has suggested it may play a role in increasing testosterone levels. (5)
There’s also 6mg of boron, and 15mg of zinc, which have been shown to increase testosterone and play a role in bone strength. (6)(7) Finally, the formula also includes 10mg of bioperine for better absorption but more research is needed in that area.
The serving size is only two capsules, so we gave the convenience a 5 out of 5. Unless you’re taking a ton of additional supplements, two pills probably won’t add too much to your daily stack.
We also liked the price point with this product, which is $49 per bottle or $1.63 per serving, earning a 4.5 out of 5 for value. While you can find cheaper options on this list, we still think this is a pretty approachable price for testosterone boosters. Nevertheless, athletes shopping on a budget may prefer one of our cheaper picks.
Best Testosterone Booster for Men Over 50: Legion Vitality Complex
Legion Vitality contains all-natural ingredients to help support testosterone production. The company also offers plenty of research support, which our team loves.
Specs
- Key Ingredients: Vitamin B12, bilberry extract, Rhodiola rosea, DHEA
- Serving Size: Three capsules
- Price: $49.99 or $1.63 per serving
Pros
- The 1500 milligrams of bilberry fruit extract may help benefit cognitive health, which is important to consider in later life.
- Legion Vitality is third-party lab tested.
- This formula contains all natural ingredients.
Cons
- You need to take three capsules per serving, which can be tedious if you’re taking other supplements.
- We wish the formula contained more Rhodiola rosea.
Athletes over 50 may want some additional benefits in their testosterone-boosting supplement. We like Legion Vitality for the 1500 milligrams of bilberry fruit extract, which may help promote memory and learning deficiencies. (36) That being said, most research involves long-term use and more human studies are needed. Nevertheless, this ingredient certainly won’t hurt.
“I’d score Legion Vitality a 4 out of 5 for its formulation,” Chelsea Rae Bourgeois, RDN, says. “It contains impressive ingredients, but I wish there were just a bit more Rhodiola rosea.” This formula provides 150 milligrams of Rhodiola rosea, which has been linked to improved stress responses, according to Bourgeois. We just wish there were a little more.
Bourgeois did also like the other clinically-effective ingredients on the list, like DHEA and vitamin B12. Plus, our testers love that this product is third-party tested and free of artificial, unwanted ingredients.
Legion Vitality does have a pretty large serving size, though, so we had to give it a 3 out of 5 in that category. “You have to take three capsules to get the full dose, which could be a lot if you’re taking other supplements or vitamins,” Chelsea Rae Bourgeois, RDN, says.
Luckily, this product isn’t the priciest out there, earning a 4 out of 5 for cost. One 30-serving bottle costs $49.99, which is about $1.63 per serve. This still isn’t the most budget-friendly testosterone booster but you can subscribe to monthly deliveries and save 10 percent (and the trouble of re-purchasing).
Best Testosterone Booster for Muscle Growth: Testofuel Testosterone Booster
Testofuel uses an up-to-date formula with large doses of each included ingredient to help optimize your muscle growth. All-natural ingredients such as d-aspartic acid, vitamin D, and oyster extract help to support your body’s natural production of testosterone and muscle, making this product a great choice for those looking to pack on some gains.
Specs
- Key Ingredients: Vitamin D3, vitamin K2, zinc, maca root extract, asian red panax ginseng extract, oyster extract, fenugreek seed extract, boron
- Serving Size: Four capsules
- Price: $59.99 or $1.99 per serving
Pros
- The potent mix of ingredients are all dosed well and designed to support muscle growth.
- You can buy this product in bulk at a discounted rate.
- This product is Current Good Manufacturing Process certified through the FDA and contains no proprietary blends. That means each ingredient and the amount listed is what’s in the bottle.
Cons
- Folks who aren’t looking to put mass on right now may want a different test booster
- If you buy the single bottle, the $1.99 per serving price tag is a bit higher than other options on this list.
For a large portion of folks who take testosterone boosters, the goal is to put on more muscle. Not all testosterone supplements are formulated with that goal in mind though. Many focus more on male vitality or helping prevent the natural effects of aging that males experience. (11) That’s why we chose to highlight a testosterone booster whose primary purpose is to help with muscle growth.
Testofuel has a unique formulation that uses all-natural ingredients to help support your body’s production of testosterone and other hormones. Each ingredient is clinically dosed in the proper amounts, earning a 4 out of 5 for formulation Testofuel includes 4,000IU vitamin D3 to aid in testosterone production, 18mcg of vitamin K2 to help with absorption and effectiveness of D3, and 2,000mg of d-aspartic acid, which has been shown to increase testosterone levels. (12)(13)(14)
Testofuel offers supplies of one, two, and three months. However, we did have to give this supplement a 2 out of 5 for dosage convenience. One dose is four capsules, which can be a lot of pills to swallow at once, especially if you’re taking other supplements.
This product is also one of the pricier options on this list. One 30-serving bottle costs $59.99, which is about $1.99 per serving. Our team gave the cost a 3 out of 5, as this isn’t a suitable option for athletes shopping on a budget.
[Related: Forget the Scams: These Nutrients Are What Matters for Testosterone]
Best Testosterone Supplement for Workouts: Testogen
Testogen contains ingredients that may help your testosterone production, which is especially beneficial for athletes. You can also buy this product in bulk bundles and save.
Specs
- Key Ingredients: D-aspartic acid, fenugreek extract, vitamin D3, zinc, Korean red ginseng extract, boron, nettle leaf extract, magnesium, vitamin B6, vitamin K1
- Serving Size: Four capsules
- Price: $59.99 or $1.99 per serving
Pros
- The fenugreek extract may help increase strength, which is ideal for athletes.
- This formula has no synthetic ingredients, chemicals, or fillers.
- Testogen provides research for the ingredients in the formula.
Cons
- While the brand does provide research, this supplement isn’t third-party tested.
- There’s no caffeine in this formula.
For those who are currently prioritizing their workout regime, we wanted to offer a supplement that can help promote progress. Testogen contains 40 milligrams of fenugreek extract. Some research has shown that fenugreek extract can improve upper- and lower-body strength when taken in high doses. (37)
However, we do wish this formula offered more of than 40 milligrams (research has been done with 500 milligram doses). “Testogen scores a 3 out of 5 for its formulation,” according to Chelsea Rae Bourgeois, RDN. “Even though the product claims to be backed by research, it’s outdated and that shows in the doses of each ingredient.”
Nevertheless, we do like that the product uses zero proprietary blends. The product isn’t third-party tested (which is a shortcoming) but at least this way, you know exactly what and how much of it you’re consuming in each dose, Bourgeois says.
The dosage is a little bit larger than we’d like for convenience purposes. Testogen earns a 3 out of 5 in that category, as one dose is four capsules. Whether you’re on-the-go or just don’t love swallowing pills, this isn’t the most convenient.
One 30-serving bottle of this product costs $59.99, which is about $1.99 per serving, so we gave the product a 3 out of 5 for cost. However, if you subscribe to recurring deliveries, you can save a ton, which is a great option for those looking to save.
Best Testosterone Supplement for the Money: Momentous Tongkat Ali
Rather than combining a list of ingredients, this supplement contains only tongkat ali, a plant extract that studies have shown may increase free testosterone, resulting in improved muscle strength, mood, and bone health.
Specs
- Key Ingredients: Tongkat Ali
- Serving Size: Two capsules
- Price: $15.96 or $0.53 per serving
Pros
- At only $0.53 per serving, this is among the most price-friendly picks on this list.
- This formula has minimal ingredients and is third-party tested.
- Tongkat Ali can be used by all genders to help support energy levels.
Cons
- Some athletes may want more ingredients in their testosterone booster.
- You need to use this product for more than a few weeks to start seeing results.
Many testosterone supplements are loaded with ingredients that can drive the price through the roof. Momentous Tongkat Ali solves this issue by including one clinically-backed ingredient with zero expensive fillers and delivering one of the lowest-cost test boosters you’ll find.
Doing away with pricey fillers and extra ingredients, Momentous Tongkat Ali delivers just one ingredient (tongkat ali), resulting in a testosterone supplement that only costs $15.96 for 30 servings ($0.53 per serving), which is less than a quarter of some others you’ll find on the market. For cost, we gave this product a 5 out of 5.
Tongkat ali is an extract from an herb commonly called longjack. A 2014 study showed that treatment with tongkat ali was associated with significant increases of free testosterone and muscle force in physically active male seniors. (9) Another 2014 study on tongkat ali resulted in not only increased testosterone levels, but also an increase in sexual and bone health in subjects, as well as lower cortisol levels. (10)
Our team also likes that this supplement only calls for two capsules per day, earning a 5 out of 5 for convenience in dosage. For most folks, adding another two capsules to the daily supplement stack probably isn’t too cumbersome.
Keep in mind, though, that this supplement only contains Tongkat Ali. While we like the simplicity of this formula, some athletes may want additional clinically-backed ingredients. In that case, one of our other picks is more ideal.
[Related: Do Testosterone Supplements Actually Work?]
Benefits of Testosterone Supplements
We’ve already talked about a lot of the benefits of specific ingredients in testosterone supplements, but as a whole, people might have a lot of different reasons for taking a testosterone supplement.
Improving Strength and Muscle Mass
One of the most common reasons people reach for a testosterone supplement is to improve their strength and muscle mass. Younger folks may want an edge over the competition or to maybe speed up the process of getting bigger and stronger. For those with a few more years under their weightlifting belt (pun intended), more muscle may help them keep up with the youngins, or to feel like they felt in their prime again.
Whatever the reason, there’s a product on this list for you and a lot of common ingredients found in testosterone boosters have been clinically studied.
Feel Like Yourself Again
Some people turn to testosterone supplements in order to help them regain some of the vitality they may have lost either prematurely or over the years. A lot of testosterone supplements include ingredients that may help with erectile dysfunction, such as Korean red ginseng. (27) Other common vitality ingredients include those that are intended to help with sperm count and volume such as zinc. (28)
Women Can Benefit As Well
Testosterone supplements are often thought of as a supplement for men, and it’s true most of them are marketed toward men. Women can also see benefits from including a testosterone booster to their supplement stack with increased muscle mass and strength. (29) Just as in men, women tend to lose testosterone over time and can often find it harder to make gains in the gym as they used to. (30) This is where a testosterone supplement may help with those concerns.
How Much Do Testosterone Supplements Cost?
Just like any other supplement, the price of testosterone supplements ranges widely for a variety of reasons. Supplement ingredients, dosage, and servings can influence the cost of a product. Other influences are certifications and product development costs that the company has to recoup, and they do so by selling their products at a given price. Testosterone supplements can range anywhere from around $40 to over $100 per month’s supply.
Best Testosterone Supplement Overall | Transparent Labs Vitality | $54.99 Per Serving: $1.83 |
Best Research-Backed Testosterone Supplement | Xwerks Rise | $49 Per Serving: $1.63 |
Best Testosterone Booster for Men Over 50 | Legion Vitality Complex | $49.99 Per Serving: $1.63 |
Best Testosterone Booster for Muscle Growth | Testofuel Testosterone Booster | $59.99 Per Serving: $1.99 |
Best Testosterone Supplement for Workouts | Testogen | $59.99 Per Serving: $1.99 |
Best Testosterone Supplement for the Money | Momentous Tongkat Ali | $15.96 Per Serving: $0.53 |
Despite the wildly varying serving sizes of anywhere from two capsules to eight, the prices per serving follow a relatively narrow distribution. For a high-quality testosterone supplement that has well-dosed ingredients and little to no fillers, you can expect to spend somewhere between $1.50 and $3.00 per serving.
What to Consider Before Buying Testosterone Supplements
There are a lot of things to consider when purchasing a testosterone supplement. The most important consideration is the purpose of taking the supplement. Another important factor to consider is your own expectations. What you’re looking to get out of a testosterone supplement is almost as important as the reason for seeking one out in the first place. A final and less thought-about consideration is units of measurement such as IU, mg, or mcg.
Different Units of Measurement
Ingredients in supplements are measured using standards, but units can vary depending on the ingredient being measured. One of the most commonly seen units of measurement is IU, or international units. This unit is usually used for vitamins and is a measurement of effect, not a measure of mass or weight. Using this measurement makes it easier to compare the effects of similar substances — like vitamins.
Another commonly seen measurement unit is the gram (g), milligram (mg), and microgram (mcg). The gram is based on the metric system of measurement to measure mass. For reference, one gram is 1,000 mg and 1,000,000 mcg. This means that one mg is equal to 1,000 mcg.
Purpose
What is the reason you want to start taking a testosterone supplement? Are you looking to add muscle mass and strength? Is your goal to feel more like your old self again? Need a bit more pep in your step? There are many reasons that someone may reach for a testosterone supplement, and they vary from person to person. We suggest clearly identifying the reason you’re looking for this kind of supplement before making a purchase so you can buy with confidence knowing that you’re getting the right one for you.
Realistic Expectations
Supplements may provide an edge in one way or another and may even help you push past a previous plateau or peak, but they are not miracle substances. Some folks may purchase a testosterone supplement and expect crazy gains like a pound of muscle a week or adding hundreds of pounds to their powerlifting total.
This isn’t to say that supplements are useless. There’s real worthwhile research behind a lot of the ingredients. As long as you keep your expectations in check, you’ll be able to see the products for what they are — tools that might help you go that extra percent or two further over time.
Final Word
Testosterone supplements are a very popular supplement that sometimes gets a bad rap because people aren’t sure what they are and aren’t. With the right ingredients in the proper doses, they might help improve testosterone levels, grow muscle more easily, boost sperm count, decrease erectile dysfunction, and increase energy. All of the picks on our list use high-quality ingredients and clinical dosing — ensuring you’ve got the best chance to have success with a testosterone supplement.
When you’re considering which testosterone supplement to pick, know that all of these picks have high quality ingredients and proper dosing. All you have to do is figure out what you’re looking to accomplish with the supplement, choose your product, and order it.
FAQs
Are testosterone supplements the same thing as steroids?
No. Steroids are synthetic versions of hormones that you intake into your body to alter the levels of hormones higher than naturally occurring levels. (33) Testosterone supplements are intended to work with your body to naturally help improve and maintain healthy hormone levels. This is accomplished through natural ingredients and not synthetic chemicals as in steroids. Companies with cGMP will only contain the ingredients listed on the label in the amounts they’re listed. (32)
What are the side effects of testosterone boosters?
The side effects of testosterone boosters will vary, depending on the product you choose. While none of the products listed above are dangerous, nor should they really cause any adverse effects, everyone’s body is different. Read the label of each product carefully and consult your personal physician if you have any questions.
Is it bad to take testosterone boosters at 30?
There’s no good or bad age to start taking testosterone boosters. That being said, they’re not ideal for all athletes. If you feel you may need to give your hormone levels some extra attention, it’s best to consult your doctor and get lab work done on your blood. Then, you can make an educated decision on your supplementation with professional help.
What do testosterone boosters do?
Testosterone boosters contain natural ingredients that are intended to help your body’s natural testosterone production. However, not all supplements are created equal. You can find some pretty questionable products on the internet, so do your research before you buy.
Are testosterone boosters safe?
That depends on which product you buy. All the products on this list are safe for the general public. However, you can find some products on the internet with little research, banned substances, and potentially harmful components. Choose products that have transparent ingredients lists, third-party testing, and plenty of customer reviews. And even then, everyone is different, so it’s best to consult your doctor before trying a testosterone booster.
Do testosterone boosters work?
As we’ve said before, everyone’s body and hormone levels are different. So, some people may react differently to testosterone boosters than others, especially considering there are so many additional lifestyle factors that can affect your hormonal health.
References
- Burrows, H. (2013). Biological actions of sex hormones. Cambridge University Press.
- Basaria, S. (2014). Male hypogonadism. The Lancet, 383(9924), 1250-1263.
- Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR; Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;86(2):724-31. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219. PMID: 11158037.
- Herbst, K. L., & Bhasin, S. (2004). Testosterone action on skeletal muscle. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 7(3), 271-277.
- Handelsman, D. J., Hirschberg, A. L., & Bermon, S. (2018). Circulating testosterone as the hormonal basis of sex differences in athletic performance. Endocrine reviews, 39(5), 803-829.
- Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H, Kuhn J, Dreier J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Wehr E, Zittermann A. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res. 2011 Mar;43(3):223-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1269854. Epub 2010 Dec 10. PMID: 21154195.
- Malyugina, O. A., & Markov, A. A. (2020). The Practicability of the Application of Vitamin D in Combination with Vitamin C for the Improvement of Bone Tissue Metabolism. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(6).
- D’Aniello, G., Ronsini, S., Notari, T., Grieco, N., Infante, V., D’Angel, N., … & D’Aniello, A. (2012). d-Aspartate, a key element for the improvement of sperm quality.
- Park, J., Song, H., Kim, S. K., Lee, M. S., Rhee, D. K., & Lee, Y. (2017). Effects of ginseng on two main sex steroid hormone receptors: estrogen and androgen receptors. Journal of ginseng research, 41(2), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.005
- Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012 Jul;34(3):255-62. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.106022. PMID: 23439798; PMCID: PMC3573577.
- Ofem, O. E., Antai, A. B., Essien, N. M., & Oka, V. O. (2014). Enhancement of some sex hormones concentrations by consumption of leaves extract of Viscum album (mistletoe) in rats. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(3), 87-90.
- Roshanzamir, F., & Safavi, S. M. (2017). The putative effects of D-Aspartic acid on blood testosterone levels: A systematic review. International journal of reproductive biomedicine, 15(1), 1–10.
- Molagoda, I. M. N., Jayasingha, J. A. C. C., Choi, Y. H., Park, E. K., Jeon, Y. J., Lee, B. J., & Kim, G. Y. (2020). Fermented oyster extract promotes insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated osteogenesis and growth rate. Marine Drugs, 18(9), 472.
- Schiaffino, S., & Mammucari, C. (2011). Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models. Skeletal muscle, 1(1), 1-14.
- Koch E. (2001). Extracts from fruits of saw palmetto (Sabal serrulata) and roots of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica): viable alternatives in the medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and associated lower urinary tracts symptoms. Planta medica, 67(6), 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16496
- Jang, D. J., Lee, M. S., Shin, B. C., Lee, Y. C., & Ernst, E. (2008). Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 66(4), 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03236.x
- Tavares, R. L., Gonçalves, M. D. C. R., de Souza Aquino, J., da Silva, R. S. B., & Silva, A. S. (2017). Androgenic and Anabolic Possibilities of Mucuna Pruriens. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 5(12), 925-927.
- Prabakar, G., Gopi, M., Kolluri, G., Rokade, J. J., Khillare, G., Pearlin, B. V., Jadhav, S. E., Tyagi, J. S., & Mohan, J. (2021). Effect of Supplementation of Zinc-Methionine on Egg Production, Semen Quality, Reproductive Hormones, and Hatchability in Broiler Breeders. Biological trace element research, 199(12), 4721–4730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02590-9
- Fernández-Lázaro, D., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Córdova Martínez, A., & Seco-Calvo, J. (2020). Iron and physical activity: Bioavailability enhancers, properties of black pepper (bioperine®) and potential applications. Nutrients, 12(6), 1886.
- Smith, S. J., Lopresti, A. L., Teo, S. Y., & Fairchild, T. J. (2021). Examining the effects of herbs on testosterone concentrations in men: A systematic review. Advances in Nutrition, 12(3), 744-765.
- Banerjee, S., Kong, D., Wang, Z., Bao, B., Hillman, G. G., & Sarkar, F. H. (2011). Attenuation of multi-targeted proliferation-linked signaling by 3, 3′-diindolylmethane (DIM): from bench to clinic. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 728(1-2), 47-66.
- Ambiye, V. R., Langade, D., Dongre, S., Aptikar, P., Kulkarni, M., & Dongre, A. (2013). Clinical Evaluation of the Spermatogenic Activity of the Root Extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in Oligospermic Males: A Pilot Study. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2013, 571420. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/571420
- Topo, E., Soricelli, A., D’Aniello, A., Ronsini, S., & D’Aniello, G. (2009). The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 7(1), 1-11.
- Cumming, D. C., Quigley, M. E., & Yen, S. S. C. (1983). Acute suppression of circulating testosterone levels by cortisol in men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 57(3), 671-673.
- Wankhede, S., Langade, D., Joshi, K., Sinha, S. R., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2015). Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12, 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0104-9
- Lampariello, L. R., Cortelazzo, A., Guerranti, R., Sticozzi, C., & Valacchi, G. (2012). The Magic Velvet Bean of Mucuna pruriens. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 2(4), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30119-5
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/health-benefits-dim
- Vivar, O. I., Saunier, E. F., Leitman, D. C., Firestone, G. L., & Bjeldanes, L. F. (2010). Selective activation of estrogen receptor-β target genes by 3, 3′-diindolylmethane. Endocrinology, 151(4), 1662-1667.
- Prasad, A. S., Mantzoros, C. S., Beck, F. W., Hess, J. W., & Brewer, G. J. (1996). Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 12(5), 344–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(96)80058-x
- Netter, A., Nahoul, K., & Hartoma, R. (1981). Effect of zinc administration on plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and sperm count. Archives of andrology, 7(1), 69-73.
- Hunt, C. D., Johnson, P. E., Herbel, J., & Mullen, L. K. (1992). Effects of dietary zinc depletion on seminal volume and zinc loss, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm morphology in young men. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 56(1), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/56.1.148
- https://www.fda.gov/drugs/pharmaceutical-quality-resources/facts-about-current-good-manufacturing-practices-cgmps
- Yesalis, C. E., & Bahrke, M. S. (1995). Anabolic-androgenic steroids. Sports medicine, 19(5), 326-340.
- Vingren, J. L., Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., Anderson, J. M., Volek, J. S., & Maresh, C. M. (2010). Testosterone physiology in resistance exercise and training. Sports medicine, 40(12), 1037-1053.
- Haring, R., Hannemann, A., John, U., Radke, D., Nauck, M., Wallaschofski, H., Owen, L., Adaway, J., Keevil, B. G., & Brabant, G. (2012). Age-specific reference ranges for serum testosterone and androstenedione concentrations in women measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 97(2), 408–415. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2134
- Subash S, Essa MM, Al-Adawi S, Memon MA, Manivasagam T, Akbar M. Neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res. 2014 Aug 15;9(16):1557-66. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.139483. PMID: 25317174; PMCID: PMC4192974.
- Albaker WI. Fenugreek and Its Effects on Muscle Performance: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med. 2023 Feb 27;13(3):427. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030427. PMID: 36983608; PMCID: PMC10054907.